Module 7: Hypothetical Reasoning and Science
Hypothetical Reasoning and Science Overview
Hypothetical reasoning is a commonly used technique for solving problems or constructing explanations. For example, we have this “everyday” problem: the cordless screwdriver is not working. We speculate that the battery is run down – that is our hypothesis.
We can then either confirm or reject the truth of this hypothesis by taking further steps. We expect that if a run-down battery is the reason for the malfunction, then a fresh or recharged battery will fix it — that’s the implication of our hypothesis. And finally, to test the implication, we replace the battery and discover the tool is now operational again. At a far grander and more sophisticated level, this basic process is the foundation of the scientific method employed to discover new and useful knowledge of the world. In this last portion of our unit on inductive reasoning, we learn about hypothetical reasoning, with a focus on its use in science.
Learning Objectives
After successful completion of Module 7, you will be able to:
- Compare the method of induction and the hypothetical method.
- Define the basic steps of the hypothetical method in science, the types of hypotheses, and the criteria for acceptance.
- Apply the steps of the hypothetical method to a simple, everyday scenari
Module 7 Roadmap
- Section 7.1: We begin with a quick look at Bacon’s method of induction to see how reasoning in science has evolved historically.
- Section 7.2: Then we look at the nature of hypotheses and explore how hypothetical reasoning functions in the scientific method and scientific discovery.
Key Terms
- abduction
- adequacy
- coherence
- concordance
- falsification
- fertility
- hypothesis
- hypothetical method
- hypothetical reasoning
Definitions for these terms are available in the course Glossary.
Candela Citations
- Retrieved from: https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/fundamental-methods-of-logic. License: CC BY: Attribution
